• Submit original work that is not under consideration by another journal.
• Do not fabricate, falsify, manipulate or selectively hide research data.
• Cite all sources, quotations, figures, tables and methods properly.
• List only genuine scholarly contributors as authors.
• Obtain ethical approval and informed consent where required.
• Protect patient and participant identity and confidentiality.
• Disclose funding and potential conflicts of interest.
• Inform the journal promptly when a significant error is discovered.

• Human-participant research should identify ethical approval where applicable.
• Informed consent should be obtained and reported where required.
• Clinical studies should provide registration details where applicable.
• Case reports should include appropriate consent for publication.
• Personal and medical information must be anonymized unless authorized.
• Risks, benefits and participant safety should be considered responsibly.

• Evaluate manuscripts fairly without improper discrimination.
• Protect the confidentiality of authors, reviewers and unpublished material.
• Base decisions on quality, originality, relevance and ethical compliance.
• Declare conflicts of interest and transfer the manuscript where necessary.
• Investigate credible complaints and publication-integrity concerns.
• Take appropriate corrective action when reliable evidence of misconduct exists.

Authors, reviewers and editors should disclose financial, personal, institutional or academic interests that may influence their work or judgment.

Disclosure does not automatically prevent publication, but it enables transparent and independent editorial assessment.

• Artificial intelligence systems cannot be listed as authors.
• Authors remain responsible for all AI-assisted content.
• AI must not be used to fabricate data, patients, results or references.
• Confidential manuscripts and patient information must not be uploaded to unauthorized AI tools.
• Substantial AI assistance should be disclosed where required by journal policy.

Credible allegations may be examined confidentially and fairly. The journal may request explanations, original data, ethical approvals, consent documents or other relevant evidence from the authors.

Depending on the findings, the journal may reject the manuscript, suspend review, publish a correction, issue an expression of concern, withdraw or retract an article, or contact the relevant institution where appropriate.

Authors and readers may submit a complaint or appeal through the journal’s official communication channel. The request should clearly identify the manuscript or article and provide specific evidence or procedural grounds.

Disagreement with an editorial decision alone does not automatically establish misconduct or justify reversal of the decision.